Benefits of biobased fertilizers as substitutes for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers: Field assessment combining minirhizotron and UAV-based spectrum sensing technologies

Recovery of biobased fertilizers derived from manure to replace synthetic is considered a key strategy close the nutrients loop for more sustainable agricultural system. This study evaluated nitrogen (N) fertilizer value five [i.e., raw pig (PM), digestate (DIG), liquid fraction (LFD), evaporator concentrate (EVA) and ammonia water (AW)] recovered an integrated anaerobic digestion–centrifugation–evaporation process. The shoot root growth maize ( Zea mays L.) under fertilization was compared with application mineral N fertilizer, i.e., calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN). non-invasive technologies, minirhizotron unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based spectrum sensing, were classic plant soil sampling enhance in-season monitoring crop status. Results showed no significant difference in canopy status, biomass yield or uptake as CAN, except lower DIG treatment. total length detected by revealed higher early-stage availability at rooting zone probably due form supplied showing mobility dry conditions than solid CAN. Given high supply (averagely 70–232 kg ha −1 ) latter growing season this study, early seemed promote luxury plants, resulting significantly p < 0.05) concentrations harvested PM, LFD AW that no-N fertilized control. Therefore, fertilizers, LFD, EVA have potential substitutes additional providing easier accessible crops during seasons, especially global warming which supposed cause frequent drought all over world.